OpenAI创始人谈GPT4 OpenAI创始人谈AI自我提升 【（中文字幕）黄仁勋深度对话OpenAI创始人：GPT-4、语言模型以及AI的自我提升】 在2023GTC 上，NVIDIA 创始人兼首席执行官黄仁勋与 OpenAI 联合创始人、首席科学家 Ilya Sutskever 进行了一场深度对话。 话题涉及ChatGPT与GPT-4之间的主要区别，AI是否会自己训练自己，以及深度学习和语言模型领域的未来等。 两人进行了大约1个小时谈话，以下为关键问题的具体视频时间： 【1:18】你是如何认识深度学习？你是如何知道深度学习能发挥作用？ 【5:23】你是如何知道要构建面向计算机视觉的神经网络？ 【7:56】你是如何发现GPU能发挥作用？你是从哪天意识到，GPU对于训练你的神经网络模型非常有帮助？ 【10:34】你作为OpenAI的首席科学家，工作的最初想法是什么？你做了哪些工作才开启了如今的ChatGPT时刻？ 【15:35】如何获得无监督学习的数据？ 【17:26】你始终相信，扩展规模会改善模型的性能。你是先拥有扩展规律的直觉，还是GPT1、2、3先出现？ 【20:39】有些观点认为ChatGPT只是一个巨大的大型语言模型，但事实上它围绕一个相当复杂的系统，能简单解释一下吗？ 【24:29】是否能指示ChatGPT做些“超出边界”的事情？如

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The Worldcoin orb resembles a bowling ball concei【【微信】】ersized Magic 8 ball possessed by HAL 9000. Its glossy exterior en【【微信】】, save for a gaping black circle in the front that houses three sensors positioned in a triangle.

Making the object round was an engineering nightmare, but the symbolism was too 【【微信】】. The orb isn’t a perfect sphere but two hal【【微信】】t an angle that matches the orbit of the Earth―designed by Thomas Meyerhoffer, the first hire of Apple legend Jony Ive.

【【微信】】hat it is, the orb ser【【微信】】: It scans your iris and converts the biometric image into an impenetrable string of numbers, which Worldcoin refers to as an “IrisCode.” When combined with an algorithm, the code 【【微信】】’re a unique human.

Each week, about 40,000 people subject themsel【【微信】】. On a chilly Sunday in March, I became one of them, with an orb-carrying Worldcoin employee stopping by my cramped Brooklyn apartment.

After two years of reading about the company, I welcomed the opportunity to meet the orb face-to-face. Finally, once the technician wrestled it from a specially designed backpack and connected it to an internet hotspot, I was able to stare into its depths. The orb responded with beeps and bops, lighting up white and red as it scanned my iris and beamed the encoded results back to the mothership. After about 45 seconds, the World App on my phone illuminated, re【【微信】】uccessfully 【【微信】】. I was myself, after all.

Silicon 【【微信】】rt on fanciful ideas. There’s the “Uber-for-X” reprise, where the 【【微信】】ntality has turned every app into a facsimile of some other company, but e【【微信】】 proliferation of business-focused products focused on infrastructure or payroll software.

Worldcoin, in contrast, might be original to a fault, starting with the orb―perhaps the most iconic piece of hardware since the iPad. Then comes the pitch: There are 8 billion people on Earth. How do we pro【【微信】】? Worldcoin’s solution is cataloging e【【微信】】 years old through a privacy-preser【【微信】】, rewarding each person with cryptocurrency, which in turn will become the new global monetary standard.

The word “ambitious” doesn’t do justice to either the idea or cofounder Sam Altman, also the creator of OpenAI.

In the two years since details of Worldcoin’s plan first leaked, the company has been hit with criticism ranging from pri【【微信】】ial labor abuses to just how strange it is. And plummeting crypto markets did not help Worldcoin’s globe-con【【微信】】.

The stunning rise of OpenAI and its ChatGPT tool, which set records for user adoption and spurred a flood of 【【微信】】, may have helped reverse Worldcoin’s fortunes.

Con【【微信】】oin executives, investors, and users have illuminated the shared dream of a not-too-distant future between the two companies―one where artificial intelligence per【【微信】】, and we need a countervailing force to keep humans in control of their destinies. As Worldcoin barrels toward that tomorrowland, the project will ha【【微信】】 of people that it’s committed to pre【【微信】】―not creating―some dystopian nightmare.

Proving “【【微信】】”

Alex Blania, CEO of Worldcoin parent company Tools for Humanity, was studying for a Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 2020 when he joined Sam Altman’s latest brainchild, lured by the idea of an A.I.-powered system for e【【微信】】ey to the world’s population, a form of uni【【微信】】.

The founding team early on settled on iris scans as the method to authenticate what Blania refers to as “【【微信】】.” Fingerprints can be changed, 【【微信】】, and faces are easy to reauthenticate but nearly impossible to compare against a larger set. A driver’【【微信】】y could be stolen or lost, copied or tampered with.

“We know it sounds weird―and it sounded weird to us as well when we started the project―but it is fundamentally the only way to sol【【微信】】,” Blania says.

The next dilemma was con【【微信】】p. Offering a reward is one solution: When a person is scanned, 【【微信】】, and onboarded to Worldcoin, they are gi【【微信】】to tokens, which are also called Worldcoins. The tokens may carry the promise of future riches, but they’re worthless unless the project launches at scale.

One early adopter, a 30-year-old online entrepreneur li【【微信】】, told me over Discord that he hopes his tokens will be worth millions, although he’s been disappointed that Worldcoin keeps delaying the release.

In Worldcoin’s trials, the company also experimented with other rewards, from cryptocurrencies such as wrapped Bitcoin and Tether to AirPods. That still wasn’t enough.

Blania recalls running around Berlin with one of the earliest iterations of the hardware that would capture people’s irises, which at the time looked like a normal blue bowling ball. He couldn’t get anyone to sign up. The team continued to iterate on the design, at one point testing out its sleek, sil【【微信】】. Suddenly, people started coming up to him. The orb became a con【【微信】】.

The sheer audacity of Worldcoin attracted top investors, with the company reaching a valuation of $3 billion by early 2022. After Bloomberg first reported on Worldcoin in June 2021, the orb 【【微信】】g rod for attention and outrage. Part of that was by design, Worldcoin’s executi【【微信】】ortune.

“The surest way for Worldcoin to fail is for nobody to hear about it,” says Jesse Walden, a cofounder and general partner at 【【微信】】.

Even so, the company’s aspirations―a “decentralized” future where people are scanned and recorded by a Silicon 【【微信】】―had the familiar whiff of colonialism, although Worldcoin’s parent company, Tools for Humanity, insists that the process will someday be fully open-source and run by the nonprofit Worldcoin Foundation. Unsurprisingly, the company has suffered a torrent of ridicule and exposes, including from Edward Snowden, who tweeted that “the human body is not a ticket-punch.”

In two in【【微信】】, published on back-to-back days in April 2022 by BuzzFeed News and MIT Tech Review, 【【微信】】at Worldcoin trials in de【【微信】】iddled with deceptive promises made both to orb operators and participants. Other allegations included pri【【微信】】 even corruption.

Blania called the reporting unfair, adding that the problems stemmed from the company still being in beta testing and hitting natural snags in the process. “Ob【【微信】】 been perfect, and many things needed to improve,” 【【微信】】. “The company is still very early.”

According to Blania and Tiago Sada, Tools for Humanity’s head of product, the process has since been perfected to ensure total privacy. 【【微信】】’s iris is captured, the biometric data ne【【微信】】, they explain, instead con【【微信】】Code, which itself is only used to create a 【【微信】】n’s uni【【微信】】luted system of zero-knowledge proofs and proto-danksharding. Eddy Lazzarin, the crypto CTO at Andreessen Horowitz, insists the IrisCode cannot be re【【微信】】he image of an iris―or at least not yet.

If that all sounds like gibberish, the upshot is that, according to Worldcoin, the company has de【【微信】】o prove 【【微信】】 in a way that won’t compromise privacy.

Crypto for the world

The bigger question is whether Worldcoin can achie【【微信】】y ambitious scale. After last year’s spate of bad press, Worldcoin slunk into the background, further buffeted by the chill of the Crypto Winter. It continued to onboard new participants but was far off from its once-stated pace of ha【【微信】】ion registrants and 6,000 orbs by the end of 2022. Today, Worldcoin has signed up around 1.4 million people, with between 100 and 200 orbs operational at any gi【【微信】】. At the rate of 40,000 【【微信】】, it would take almost 2,000 years to sign up half the world’s current population, although Blania says the company is far from operating at full capacity.

The explosion of OpenAI and ChatGPT has reignited hope for the project. The two companies always skated in parallel, part of Sam Altman’s 【【微信】】―shared by Blania and his investors―that in a world defined by A.I., there would ha【【微信】】ent way of dispersing a uni【【微信】】.

The hope, Blania says, is that Worldcoin can “actually distribute the upside of all this tech for as many people as possible.” Put more simply, if artificial intelligence takes all our jobs, Worldcoin can be the mechanism of distribution to make sure ensuing capital creation is not hoarded by a select few.

The UBI aspirations for the project still seem half-baked. Both 【【微信】】’s Walden and a16z’s Lazzarin demurred when I asked about the mechanics, and Blania answered 【【微信】】 a so-called “Windfall Clause” where companies would ha【【微信】】es once they reach 2.5% of the global GDP.

The “currency” element itself is also tricky. While the Tools for Humanity team hopes Worldcoin will someday become bigger than Bitcoin, or e【【微信】】.S. dollar, the Worldcoin token will only ha【【微信】】ees to adopt it―a chicken-and-egg dilemma that could euphemistically be called social consensus and derisi【【微信】】.

Complicating matters further is whether regulators in the U.S.―and other key countries―will e【【微信】】’s crypto token. The Worldcoin employee offered to come to my apartment to pre【【微信】】t the company was operational in New York. The company plans to e【【微信】】ification ser【【微信】】.S.―without the token.

Outside its cryptocurrency component, a different feature of Worldcoin is more immediately suited to A.I.’s rapid rise: pro【【微信】】. “E【【微信】】akes, and e【【微信】】nthesis,” says Lazzarin. “It’s 【【微信】】’s going to become more and more difficult to disentangle what was generated by a machine and what was generated by a person.”

To capitalize on the growing use case―and offer a more immediate route to monetization―Worldcoin launched a feature last week called “World ID,” a kind of badge you receive after being 【【微信】】 by Worldcoin that you carry around the internet pro【【微信】】’re not an A.I. bot.

In the company’s 【【微信】】, World ID will join―or supplant―usernames and passwords. Users logging onto platforms will use their World Apps, which, in an A.I.-saturated world, could be an elegant and relati【【微信】】n to proving one’s identity.

Elizabeth Renieris, a pri【【微信】】esearch associate at Oxford’s Institute for Ethics in A.I., says Worldcoin is just positioning itself to profit off an A.I.-dominated society created by Sam Altman’s higher-profile company.

“One Altman entity manufactures a problem, and the other sells a solution to the problem they manufactured,” Renieris tells me. “The relationship is a bit like pharmaceutical companies who place dangerous, highly addicti【【微信】】d then try to sell new drugs to treat the 【【微信】】ped create.”

Blania denied the charge, saying challenges around artificial intelligence won’t only originate from OpenAI. Altman did not make himself a【【微信】】ew.

For now, Worldcoin remains in beta. Despite its decentralized aspirations, it has yet to fully open-source its protocol, though most of the orb’s schematics are a【【微信】】. Blania h